@article{ref1,
title="Childhood exposure to emotional abuse and later life stress among Kenyan women: a mediation analysis of cross-sectional data",
journal="Anxiety, stress, and coping",
year="2017",
author="Goodman, Michael L. and Gutarra, Claudia and Billingsley, Katherine M. and Keiser, Philip H. and Gitari, Stanley",
volume="30",
number="4",
pages="469-483",
abstract="Background and objective: We explore whether perceived stress among Kenyan mothers is predicted by childhood exposure to emotional abuse - both witnessed among parents and experienced directly. Further, we explore whether this association is mediated by social support, family functioning and polygynous marriage.<br><br>DESIGN: We used cross-sectional data from a systematic random sample (n = 1974) of mothers in semi-rural Kenya.<br><br>METHODS: Data were collected using validated scales and trained interviewers. Analyses were conducted using bootstrapped structural equation models and fixed-effects linear regression models, controlling for age and household wealth.<br><br>RESULTS: Reported experience of emotional abuse - both directly experienced and observed among household adults - was high in the present population (72.5% and 69%, respectively). Perceived stress among women was significantly higher if they were exposed to more emotional abuse during childhood (p <.001). Lower social support, worse family functioning and higher rates of polygynous marriage mediated pathways between emotional abuse exposure during childhood and adult perceived stress.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Future research should investigate whether social integration, identity formation and self-esteem underlie observed dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts to promote social integration and support should target children currently experiencing emotional abuse, and may include child-targeted high quality television programing and adult-targeted media and celebrity campaigns.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1061-5806",
doi="10.1080/10615806.2016.1271876",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2016.1271876"
}