@article{ref1,
title="Psychological interventions used to reduce sports injuries: a systematic review of real-world effectiveness",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2018",
author="Gledhill, Adam and Forsdyke, Dale and Murray, Eliot",
volume="52",
number="15",
pages="967-971",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To systematically review studies examining the role of psychological interventions in injury prevention. The primary research question was: What is the real-world effectiveness of psychological intervention in preventing sports injuries? DESIGN: Mixed methods systematic review with best evidence synthesis. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct and PubMed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials (RCT), non-RCTs that included a comparison group, before and after study designs and qualitative methods. Studies were required to outline specific unimodal or multimodal psychological interventions used in relation to injury prevention in the real-world setting. OUTCOME MEASURE: Studies were independently appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. <br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen papers (incorporating 14 studies) met the eligibility criteria, of which 93% (13/14) reported a decrease in injury rates (effect size range=0.2-1.21). There was an overall moderate risk of bias in reporting (52%). There is a dominance of stress management-based interventions in literature due to the prominence of the model of stress and athletic injury within the area. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS: Psychological interventions demonstrate small (0.2) to large (1.21) effects on sports injury rates. The research area demonstrates a cumulative moderate risk in reporting bias (52%). PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016035879.<br><br>© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="10.1136/bjsports-2017-097694",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097694"
}