@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors associated with sustaining a sport-related concussion: an initial synthesis study of 12,320 student-athletes",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2018",
author="Brett, Benjamin L. and Kuhn, Andrew W. and Yengo-Kahn, Aaron M. and Solomon, Gary S. and Zuckerman, Scott L.",
volume="33",
number="8",
pages="984-992",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The empirical identification of risk factors associated with sport-related concussion (SRC) may improve the management of student-athletes. The current study attempted to identify and quantify bio-cognitive risk factors associated with sustaining a SRC. <br><br>METHODS: Cross-sectional ambispective study; level of evidence, 3. Neurocognitive testing of 12,320 middle school, high school and collegiate athletes was completed at preseason baseline and post-SRC. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine which pre-injury variables accurately predicted the occurrence of SRC. A quantitative risk score for each variable was developed. <br><br>RESULTS: Five of 13 variables maintained significance in the multivariable model with the associated weighted point scores: SRC history (21), prior headache treatment (6), contact sport (5), youth level of play (7), and history of ADHD/LD (2). Six stratified groups were formed based on probability of SRC, which produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI 0.69-0.72, p <.001). Though the model was a significant predictor of SRC (X2 = 1,112.75, p <.001), the effect size was small and accounted for only 16% of the overall variance. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: An initial aggregate model of weighted bio-cognitive factors associated with increased odds of sustaining a SRC was developed. Previously validated factors were confirmed, yet a large source of variance remained unexplained. These findings emphasize the need to expand the host factors studied when assessing SRC risk, and that the existing, empirically based bio-cognitive factors do not adequately quantify the risk of SRC.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acy006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy006"
}