@article{ref1,
title="Persistence of depressive symptoms and gait speed recovery in older adults after hip fracture",
journal="International journal of geriatric psychiatry",
year="2018",
author="Rathbun, Alan M. and Shardell, Michelle D. and Stuart, Elizabeth A. and Gruber-Baldini, Ann L. and Orwig, Denise and Ostir, Glenn V. and Hicks, Gregory E. and Hochberg, Marc C. and Magaziner, Jay",
volume="33",
number="7",
pages="875-882",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Depression after hip fracture in older adults is associated with worse physical performance; however, depressive symptoms are dynamic, fluctuating during the recovery period. The study aim was to determine how the persistence of depressive symptoms over time cumulatively affects the recovery of physical performance. <br><br>METHODS: Marginal structural models estimated the cumulative effect of persistence of depressive symptoms on gait speed during hip fracture recovery among older adults (n = 284) enrolled in the Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort. Depressive symptoms at baseline and at 2-month and 6-month postadmission for hip fracture were evaluated by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and persistence of symptoms was assessed as a time-averaged severity lagged to standardized 3 m gait speed at 2, 6, and 12 months. <br><br>RESULTS: A 1-unit increase in time-averaged Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was associated with a mean difference in gait speed of -0.0076 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0184, 0.0032; P = .166). The association was largest in magnitude from baseline to 6 months: -0.0144 standard deviations (95% CI: -0.0303, 0.0015; P = 0.076). Associations for the other time intervals were smaller: -0.0028 standard deviations (95% CI: -0.0138, 0.0083; P = .621) at 2 months and -0.0121 standard deviations (95% CI: -0.0324, 0.0082; P = .238) at 12 months. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Although not statistically significant, the magnitude of the numerical estimates suggests that expressing more depressive symptoms during the first 6 months after hip fracture has a meaningful impact on functional recovery.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-6230",
doi="10.1002/gps.4864",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4864"
}