@article{ref1,
title="Association between iron deficiency anemia and depression: a web-based Japanese investigation",
journal="Psychiatry and the Clinical Neurosciences",
year="2018",
author="Hidese, Shinsuke and Saito, Kenji and Asano, Shinya and Kunugi, Hiroshi",
volume="72",
number="7",
pages="513-521",
abstract="AIM: This web-based survey aimed to examine the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and depression in 11,876 Japanese participants. <br><br>METHODS: Participants consisted of 1,000 individuals with self-reported history of depression (mean age, 41.4 ± 12.3 years; 499 women) and 10,876 population-based controls (mean age, 45.1 ± 13.6 years; 5,185 women). The 6-item Kessler scale test score was used as a psychological distress scale. The design of the study was cross-sectional. <br><br>RESULTS: The rate of self-reported life-time history of iron deficiency anemia was higher in depression group in both men (depression, 7.2%; control, 4.0%; p < 0.001; odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.68) and women (depression, 33.4%; control, 25.8%; p < 0.001; odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.76). The 6-item Kessler scale test score in participants with self-reported history of iron deficiency anemia was higher in both depression (p = 0.004) and control (p < 0.001) groups. In addition, the rate of individuals who showed the 6-item Kessler scale test cut-off score of 13 or more was higher in iron deficiency anemia group of all participants (p < 0.001; odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.31-1.65). Logistic regression analyses revealed self-reported history of depression and the 6-item Kessler scale test score were positively associated with the self-reported history of iron deficiency anemia (all p < 0.01). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported history of iron deficiency anemia was associated with self-reported history of depression. Furthermore, self-reported history of iron deficiency anemia was associated with higher psychological distress.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1323-1316",
doi="10.1111/pcn.12656",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12656"
}