@article{ref1,
title="Long-term effects of chemical warfare on post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic medical conditions in veterans",
journal="Community mental health journal",
year="2019",
author="Safi-Aghdam, Hamideh and Shafie, Mehrzad and Khoshdel, Alireza and Moazen-Zadeh, Ehsan and Avakh, Farhad and Rahmani, Arash",
volume="55",
number="3",
pages="493-496",
abstract="We investigated the association between exposure to chemical warfare and chronic mental/physical conditions. This was a secondary analysis of data from a case-control study on Iranian male veterans. Participants with neuropsychiatric disorders other than depressive/anxiety disorders, anatomical defects, or malignancies were excluded. Compared to non-exposed veterans, exposed veterans demonstrated significantly higher odds of PTSD [OR (95% CI) = 5.23 (1.98-13.85)], hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.68-18.48)], coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI) = 6.8 (1.62-28.49)], and diabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.88 (1.35-11.16)], and marginally higher odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (0.93-5.28)]. This study provides preliminary evidence on association of exposure to chemical warfare with long-term mental disorders as well as chronic medical conditions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0010-3853",
doi="10.1007/s10597-018-0277-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0277-1"
}