@article{ref1,
title="Gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation deficits in people with multiple sclerosis at fall-risk",
journal="Anatomical record (2007)",
year="2018",
author="Garg, Hina and Dibble, Leland E. and Schubert, Michael C. and Sibthorp, Jim and Foreman, K. Bo and Gappmaier, Eduard",
volume="301",
number="11",
pages="1852-1860",
abstract="Despite the common complaints of dizziness and demyelination of afferent or efferent pathways to and from the vestibular nuclei which may adversely affect the angular Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (aVOR) and vestibulo-spinal function in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), few studies have examined gaze and dynamic balance function in PwMS. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: 1) Determine the differences in gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation measures between PwMS and controls, 2) Examine the relationships between gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation. <br><br>METHODS: Nineteen ambulatory PwMS at fall-risk and 14 age-matched controls were recruited. Outcomes included (a) gaze stability [angular Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (aVOR) gain (ratio of eye to head velocity); number of Compensatory Saccades (CS) per head rotation; CS latency; gaze position error; Coefficient of Variation (CV) of aVOR gain], (b) dynamic balance [Functional Gait Assessment, FGA; four square step test], and (c) participation [dizziness handicap inventory; activities-specific balance confidence scale]. Separate independent t-tests and Pearson's correlations were calculated. <br><br>RESULTS: PwMS were age = 53 ± 11.7yrs and had 4.2 ± 3.3 falls/yr. PwMS demonstrated significant (p<0.05) impairments in gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation measures compared to controls. CV of aVOR gain and CS latency were significantly correlated with FGA. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Deficits and correlations across a spectrum of disability measures highlight the relevance of gaze and dynamic balance assessment in PwMS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-8486",
doi="10.1002/ar.23852",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23852"
}