@article{ref1,
title="The development of Drink Less: an alcohol reduction smartphone app for excessive drinkers",
journal="Translational behavioral medicine",
year="2019",
author="Garnett, Claire and Crane, David and West, Robert and Brown, Jamie and Michie, Susan",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="296-307",
abstract="Excessive alcohol consumption poses a serious problem for public health. Digital behavior change interventions have the potential to help users reduce their drinking. In accordance with Open Science principles, this paper describes the development of a smartphone app to help individuals who drink excessively to reduce their alcohol consumption. Following the UK Medical Research Council's guidance and the Multiphase Optimization Strategy, development consisted of two phases: (i) selection of intervention components and (ii) design and development work to implement the chosen components into modules to be evaluated further for inclusion in the app. Phase 1 involved a scoping literature review, expert consensus study and content analysis of existing alcohol apps. <br><br>FINDINGS were integrated within a broad model of behavior change (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior). Phase 2 involved a highly iterative process and used the &quot;Person-Based&quot; approach to promote engagement. From Phase 1, five intervention components were selected: (i) Normative Feedback, (ii) Cognitive Bias Re-training, (iii) Self-monitoring and Feedback, (iv) Action Planning, and (v) Identity Change. Phase 2 indicated that each of these components presented different challenges for implementation as app modules; all required multiple iterations and design changes to arrive at versions that would be suitable for inclusion in a subsequent evaluation study. The development of the Drink Less app involved a thorough process of component identification with a scoping literature review, expert consensus, and review of other apps. Translation of the components into app modules required a highly iterative process involving user testing and design modification.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1869-6716",
doi="10.1093/tbm/iby043",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby043"
}