@article{ref1,
title="Alcoholism and homicide with respect to the classification systems of Lesch and Cloninger",
journal="Alcohol and alcoholism",
year="2007",
author="Reulbach, Udo and Biermann, Teresa and Bleich, S. and Hillemacher, T. and Kornhuber, Johannes and Sperling, Wolfgang",
volume="42",
number="2",
pages="103-107",
abstract="AIMS: Worldwide criminal statistics show a disproportionately high incidence of violent offences committed under the influence of alcohol. A psychopathological subtyping of alcohol dependence in offenders who committed homicide has mainly been related to impulsive and dissocial personalities up to now. METHODS: In an investigation on 48 alcohol-dependent offenders who committed homicide, a subtyping according to the multidimensional classification systems of Lesch and Cloninger has now been conducted for the first time. RESULTS: In Lesch's classification, there was a high incidence of homicides committed by type II and type III subjects with the comorbidity anxiety and cyclothymia. While type III offenders were more often repeat offenders, there was a remarkably high rate of first offenders among type II subjects (Chi-squared test; chi(2) = 30.0, df = 3, P < 0.001). With respect to Lesch's typology, the blood alcohol concentrations did differ significantly in the group of offenders (Kruskal-Wallis, chi(2) = 18.3, df = 3, P < 0.001), whereas the blood alcohol concentration of type II offenders at the time of offence was significantly lower than in type III offenders (Mann-Whitney-U, Z = -3.47; P = 0.001). Regarding to the Cloninger's typology, no significant differences in the aforementioned parameters could be found. Discussion: An excessive noradrenergic reaction of anxiety offenders with initial withdrawal is discussed as a possible explanatory model.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-0414",
doi="10.1093/alcalc/agl098",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl098"
}