@article{ref1,
title="Behavioral and health outcomes associated with deployment and non-deployment acquisition of traumatic brain injury in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2018",
author="Martindale, Sarah L. and Epstein, Erica L. and Taber, Katherine H. and Rowland, Jared A.",
volume="99",
number="12",
pages="2485-2495",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Characterize behavioral and health outcomes in veterans with TBI acquired in non-deployment and deployment settings. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional assessment evaluating TBI acquired during and outside of deployment, mental and behavioral health symptoms, and diagnoses. SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. PARTICIPANTS: Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans who deployed to a warzone (N = 1399). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comprehensive lifetime TBI interview; Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders; Combat Exposure Scale; behavioral and health measures. <br><br>RESULTS: There was a main effect of deployment TBI on depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, poor sleep quality, substance use, and pain. Veterans with deployment TBI were also more likely to have a diagnosis of bipolar, major depressive, alcohol use, and posttraumatic stress disorders than those who did not have a deployment TBI. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: TBIs acquired during deployment are associated with different behavioral and health outcomes than TBI acquired in non-deployment environments. The presence of TBI during deployment is associated with poorer behavioral outcomes, as well as a greater lifetime prevalence of behavioral and health problems in contrast to veterans without deployment TBI. These results indicate that problems may persist chronically following a deployment TBI and should be considered when providing care for veterans. Veterans with deployment TBI may require treatment alterations to improve engagement and outcomes.<br><br>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.029",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.029"
}