@article{ref1,
title="Bullying victimization and child sexual abuse among left-behind and non-left-behind children in China",
journal="PeerJ",
year="2018",
author="Yan, Li and Zhu, Qianqian and Tu, Xiaowen and Zuo, Xiayun and Yu, Chunyan and Lou, Chaohua and Lian, Qiguo",
volume="6",
number="",
pages="e4865-e4865",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Bullying is one of the most important factors associated with child abuse. However, robust tests supporting the assumption that being bullied can contribute to child sexual abuse (CSA) among left-behind children (LBC) remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the association of bullying victimization with CSA among LBC in China. <br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle schools of Sichuan and Anhui province in 2015. The bullying victimization was assessed by seven items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The experience of CSA was measured by ten items CSA scale with good consistency. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1,030 children met the sampling criteria, including 284 LBC and 746 non-LBC. The prevalence of CSA was 22.89% in LBC and 20.19% in non-LBC (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Bullying victimization was related to CSA among both LBC (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.52, 95% CI [1.34-4.73]) and non-LBC (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.58-3.53]). The association between bullying victimization and CSA was much higher among left-behind girls (left-behind girls: aOR = 7.36, 95% CI [2.16-24.99]; non-left-behind girls: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.08-5.27]). Also, LBC of a young age (11-15), children with siblings, living in rural areas and non-traditional family structure who were bullied were more likely to suffer CSA than their non-LBC peers. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization is associated with a significant increase in CSA among both LBC and non-LBC. Anti-bullying programs should target vulnerable populations including female LBC and LBC with siblings to reduce the risk of CSA.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2167-8359",
doi="10.7717/peerj.4865",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4865"
}