@article{ref1,
title="Guest editorial for special issue on modeling and analysis of human-machine systems in transportation",
journal="Cognition, technology and work",
year="2017",
author="Zhang, Jianhua and Edwards, Tamsyn E.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="543-544",
abstract="The human has an important role in safety and efficiency in most safety-critical environments. Although some safety-critical domains have developed safety measures through automated systems or physical defenses (i.e., physical shutdown in the nuclear industry), environments especially within the transport domain are still reliant on the maintenance of human performance to sustain safety. For example, the air traffic controllers (ATCOs) are responsible for the safety and efficiency of all air traffic. As there are no physical measures that protect aircraft in flight, it is essential that controllers maintain a consistently high level of performance in order to maintain flight safety. Similar challenges also exist in the rail and road domains.   Safety and efficiency in transportation are dependent upon the human-machine system (HMS): the human operator, the technology, and the effective interaction between human and machine. Technology must not only perform effectively, efficiently and reliably, but also be designed to be usable and acceptable to the human operator. The human operator must be able to maintain a high level of performance in order to guarantee safety. The interaction between these components must be effective for the optimal operation of a transportation system. Each component plus the interaction between them can affect the overall performance and safety of the transportation system...<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1435-5558",
doi="10.1007/s10111-017-0449-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-017-0449-8"
}