@article{ref1,
title="Mechanisms of acute adductor longus injuries in male football players: a systematic visual video analysis",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2019",
author="Serner, Andreas and Mosler, Andrea Britt and Tol, Johannes L. and Bahr, Roald and Weir, Adam",
volume="53",
number="3",
pages="158-164",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Change of direction and kicking have been described as the main actions resulting in adductor longus injury. Video descriptions of inciting events are lacking. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: Perform a standardised visual video analysis of a series of acute adductor longus injuries in football (soccer). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. <br><br>METHODS: Video footage was reviewed by players, and assessed independently by five sports medicine professionals. Inciting events were described and categorised using standardised scoring, including playing situation, player/opponent behaviour, movement and body positions. <br><br>RESULTS: Videos of acute adductor longus injuries in 17 professional male football players were analysed. Most injuries occurred in non-contact situations (71%), following a quick reaction to a change in play (53%). Injury actions were: change of direction (35%), kicking (29%), reaching (24%) and jumping (12%). Change of direction and reaching injuries were categorised as closed chain movements (59%), characterised by hip extension and abduction with external rotation. Kicking and jumping injuries were categorised as open chain (41%), characterised by a change from hip extension to hip flexion, and hip abduction to adduction, with external rotation. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Acute adductor longus injuries in football occur in a variety of situations. Player actions can be categorised into closed (change of direction and reaching) and open (kicking and jumping) chain movements involving triplanar hip motion. A rapid muscle activation during a rapid muscle lengthening appears to be the fundamental injury mechanism for acute adductor longus injuries.<br><br>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="10.1136/bjsports-2018-099246",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099246"
}