@article{ref1,
title="Cerebrospinal fluid tau, Aβ, and sTREM2 in former National Football League Players: Modeling the relationship between repetitive head impacts, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration",
journal="Alzheimer's and dementia",
year="2018",
author="Alosco, Michael L. and Tripodis, Yorghos and Fritts, Nathan G. and Heslegrave, Amanda and Baugh, Christine M. and Conneely, Shannon and Mariani, Megan and Martin, Brett M. and Frank, Samuel and Mez, Jesse and Stein, Thor D. and Cantu, Robert C. and McKee, Ann C. and Shaw, Leslie M. and Trojanowski, John Q. and Blennow, Kaj and Zetterberg, Henrik and Stern, Robert A.",
volume="14",
number="9",
pages="1159-1170",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein analysis may facilitate detection and elucidate mechanisms of neurological consequences from repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We examined CSF concentrations of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β<sub>1-42</sub> and their association with RHI in former National Football League (NFL) players. The role of microglial activation (using sTREM2) was examined as a pathogenic mechanism of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. <br><br>METHODS: Sixty-eight former NFL players and 21 controls underwent lumbar puncture to quantify t-tau, p-tau<sub>181</sub>, amyloid β<sub>1-42</sub>, and sTREM2 in the CSF using immunoassays. The cumulative head impact index estimated RHI. <br><br>RESULTS: No between-group differences for CSF analytes emerged. In the former NFL players, the cumulative head impact index predicted higher t-tau concentrations (P = .041), and higher sTREM2 levels were associated with higher t-tau concentrations (P = .009). <br><br>DISCUSSION: In this sample of former NFL players, greater RHI and increased microglial activation were associated with higher CSF t-tau concentrations.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1552-5260",
doi="10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.004"
}