@article{ref1,
title="Intimate partner violence against women in Nigeria: a multilevel study investigating the effect of women's status and community norms",
journal="BMC women's health",
year="2018",
author="Benebo, Faith Owunari and Schumann, Barbara and Vaezghasemi, Masoud",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e136-e136",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men. <br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. <br><br>RESULTS: Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1472-6874",
doi="10.1186/s12905-018-0628-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0628-7"
}