@article{ref1,
title="Workplace bullying and psychological distress: a longitudinal multilevel analysis among Japanese employees",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2018",
author="Tsuno, Kanami and Kawachi, Ichiro and Kawakami, Norito and Miyashita, Kazuhisa",
volume="60",
number="12",
pages="1067-1072",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the contextual effect of workplace bullying on subsequent individual psychological distress and intention to leave. <br><br>METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted among 3,142 Japanese employees in the public sector. Both the baseline and follow-up questionnaires inquired about demographic and occupational characteristics, workplace bullying, psychological distress, and intention to leave. <br><br>RESULTS: The results of three-level (individual-division-department) multilevel analyses revealed that division-level workplace bullying was associated with increased individual-level psychological distress after adjustment for individual experience of workplace bullying, while the association between individual experience of bullying and psychological distress was not statistically significant in the same model. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest that the presence of bullying in the workplace can have a detrimental effect on employees' mental health even if they are not personally victimized.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0000000000001433",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001433"
}