@article{ref1,
title="The effect of antidepressants on depression after traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis",
journal="Journal of head trauma rehabilitation",
year="2019",
author="Kreitzer, Natalie and Ancona, Rachel and McCullumsmith, Cheryl and Kurowski, Brad G. and Foreman, Brandon and Ngwenya, Laura B. and Adeoye, Opeolu M.",
volume="34",
number="3",
pages="E47-E54",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), depressive symptoms are common and may influence recovery. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the benefit of antidepressants following TBI and compare the estimated effects between antidepressants and placebo. PARTICIPANTS: Multiple databases were searched to find prospective pharmacological treatment studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults following TBI. MAIN MEASURES: Effect sizes for antidepressant medications in patients with TBI were calculated for within-subjects designs that examined change from baseline after receiving medical treatment and treatment/placebo designs that examined the differences between the antidepressants and placebo groups. <br><br>DESIGN: A random-effects model was used for both analyses. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 1028 titles screened, 11 were included. Pooled estimates showed nonsignificant difference in reduction of depression scores between medications and placebo (standardized mean difference of 5 trials = -0.3; 95% CI, -0.6 to 0.0; I = 17%), and a significant reduction in depression scores for individuals after pharmacotherapy (mean change = -11.2; 95% CI, -14.7 to -7.6 on the Hamilton Depression Scale; I = 87%). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found no significant benefit of antidepressant over placebo in the treatment of MDD following TBI. Pooled estimates showed a high degree of bias and heterogeneity. Prospective studies on the impact of antidepressants in well-defined cohorts of TBI patients are warranted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-9701",
doi="10.1097/HTR.0000000000000439",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000439"
}