@article{ref1,
title="Esophago-pericardial fistula and pneumopericardium from caustic ingestion and esophageal stent",
journal="Annals of thoracic surgery",
year="2019",
author="Farkas, Zahava C. and Pal, Suman and Jolly, George P. and Lim, Marc Michael Dr and Malik, Aaqib and Malekan, Ramin",
volume="107",
number="3",
pages="e207-e208",
abstract="Esophago-pericardial fistulas are rare. Most reported cases are related to malignancy or prior surgical intervention. We report a case of an esophago-pericardial fistula presenting as pneumopericardium and purulent pericarditis in a patient with a history of caustic ingestion and an esophageal stent. Esophago-pericardial fistulas are uncommon and typically related to upper gastrointestinal malignancy or prior surgery. They are also a known complication of esophageal stents that remain in place for a prolonged duration. Symptoms can present weeks to months after the initial insult and range from slight dysphagia to cardiac tamponade and sepsis. Their rarity makes them a diagnostic challenge to clinicians; recognizing the long term complications of esophageal injury, its varying presentations, and the need to use caution when placing an esophageal stent, is key.<br><br>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-4975",
doi="10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.06.087",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.06.087"
}