@article{ref1,
title="Are alcohol problems linked with an increase in depressive symptoms in abused, inner-city African American women?",
journal="Women's health issues",
year="2007",
author="Paranjape, Anuradha and Heron, Sheryl L. and Thompson, M. and Bethea, Kafi and Wallace, Triphinia and Kaslow, Nadine",
volume="17",
number="1",
pages="37-43",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Little is known regarding the link between intimate partner violence (IPV), alcohol problems (AP), and depression in inner-city African American women. We sought to investigate whether abused inner-city African American women reporting AP endorsed more depressive symptoms compared to women reporting either AP or IPV or reporting neither. METHOD: Participants for this cross-sectional study were 361 African American women seeking medical care at a large public hospital. Measurements included the Index of Spouse Abuse, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and the Brief Symptom Index-Depression Subscale to assess IPV, AP, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Based on IPV and AP status, participants were assigned to one of four non-hierarchical risk groups: (i) low or no IPV, no AP; (ii) high IPV alone; (iii) AP alone; or (iv) both high IPV and AP. Additive effect of high levels of IPV and AP on outcome were assessed using logistic regression techniques. RESULTS: Thirty percent reported high IPV levels, and 18% had AP. Compared with participants reporting both no AP and low or no IPV, those reporting either high IPV levels or AP reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms 4 times more often (p < .001). Women reporting high IPV and AP endorsed moderate to severe depressive symptoms 8 times more often than women reporting neither (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Among inner-city, African American women, depressive symptoms are highest among those reporting both high IPV levels and AP. Health care systems serving similar communities should implement a systematic approach to identifying IPV, AP, and depression in patients.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1049-3867",
doi="10.1016/j.whi.2006.08.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2006.08.004"
}