@article{ref1,
title="Transitional status and modifiable risk of frailty in Japanese older adults: a prospective cohort study",
journal="Geriatrics and gerontology international",
year="2018",
author="Doi, Takehiko and Makizako, Hyuma and Tsutsumimoto, Kota and Nakakubo, Sho and Kim, Min-Ji and Kurita, Satoshi and Hotta, Ryo and Shimada, Hiroyuki",
volume="18",
number="11",
pages="1562-1566",
abstract="AIM: The purpose of the present study was to identify risk factors for physical frailty and to understand the transitional status of frailty. <br><br>METHODS: The participants were 4676 older adults in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Physical frailty status was classified as robust, pre-frail and frail at baseline and 4-year follow up (mean follow up 47.9 ± 1.8 months). Data for demographic variables, medical conditions, fall, depressive symptoms and cognitive function were also collected. Multiple imputation was used to reduce selection bias and loss of information. <br><br>RESULTS: Progression occurred from a robust to frail status in 52 participants (2.6%) and from pre-frailty to frailty in 281 participants (12.0%). Mortality increased with frailty status at baseline: robust 46 (2.3%), pre-frail 112 (4.8%) and frail 54 (15.6%). In logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.13), sex (men; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.95), body mass index (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12]), fall (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.31-2.81), Geriatric Depression Scale (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.22), Mini-Mental State Examination (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.93) and education (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98), were related with new incident frailty. Among participants in the pre-frail class at baseline, exhaustion (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.97-5.34), physical inactivity (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.94-4.93), lower muscle strength (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.35-6.03) and lower mobility (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57-4.10) were related to progression to frailty (all P < 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present prospective study provide key information on the transitional status of frailty and the risk factors for progression to frailty. A further study is required to determine the pathophysiological changes that underlie the transition to frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; ••: ••-••.<br><br>© 2018 Japan Geriatrics Society.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1444-1586",
doi="10.1111/ggi.13525",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13525"
}