@article{ref1,
title="Gender norms, violence in childhood, and men's coercive control in marriage: a multilevel analysis of young men in bangladesh",
journal="Psychology of violence",
year="2018",
author="James-Hawkins, Laurie and Cheong, Yuk Fai and Naved, Ruchira T. and Yount, Kathryn M.",
volume="8",
number="5",
pages="580-595",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Coercive control in marriage is common in patriarchal settings, but multilevel determinants are understudied. <br><br>METHOD: Using a probability sample of 570 <i>junior men</i> (married, 18-34 years) from the Bangladesh survey of the 2011 <i>UN Multi-Country Study of Men and Violence</i>, we examined how exposure to violence in childhood and community-level gender norms were related to men's attitudes about gender equity and use of controlling behavior. We tested whether community-level gender norms moderated the relationship between men's exposure to violence in childhood and our outcomes. <br><br>RESULTS: According to results from multilevel Poisson regression models, as community gender norms become more equitable by 1 standard deviation, a junior married man's expected rate of controlling behavior is lower by 0.11, and his rate of agreement with gender equitable attitudes is higher by 0.27. More gender-equitable community norms were negatively related to a junior married man's use of controlling behavior. Childhood exposure to violence was not associated with use of controlling behavior. There was a significant cross-level interaction such that exposure to violence had a stronger negative impact on men's gender equitable attitudes in communities with lower overall gender equity than those with higher overall gender equity. The corresponding cross-level interaction effect was not significant for the controlling behavior outcome. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: More equitable community gender norms may encourage more gender-equitable attitudes and discourage use of controlling behavior among junior men, suggesting that interventions to change community gender norms may reduce coercive control of women in marriage.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2152-0828",
doi="10.1037/vio0000152",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000152"
}