@article{ref1,
title="Concussion epidemiology in athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing compared with athletes who are hearing",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2018",
author="Brancaleone, Matthew P. and Clifton, Daniel R. and Onate, James A. and Boucher, Laura C.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiology of concussion between athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) and athletes who are hearing. <br><br>DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: Data were collected from 2 Division III athletic programs. One institution is the world's only university designed to be barrier-free for students who are D/HoH. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred ninety-three athletes who are D/HoH and 1284 athletes who are hearing were included in this study. Athletes participated in collegiate athletics during the 2012 to 2013 through the 2016 to 2017 academic years. INTERVENTIONS: Concussion data were provided by the athletic training staff at each institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concussion counts, concussion rate, and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). <br><br>RESULTS: Thirty athletes who are D/HoH and 104 athletes who are hearing suffered concussions. Athletes who are hearing had an increased injury rate compared with athletes who are D/HoH for all sports combined (IRR = 1.87, 95% CI, 1.26-2.78). Football athletes who are hearing also had an increased injury rate compared with football athletes who are D/HoH (IRR = 3.30, 95% CI, 1.71-6.37). Concussion rate was higher for male athletes who are hearing than male athletes who are D/HoH (IRR = 2.84, 95% CI, 1.62-4.97). No other significant differences regarding concussion risk were identified. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Athletes who are D/HoH in sex-comparable sports may not have a higher rate of concussion than athletes who are hearing. Rate of concussion in football may be greater among athletes who are hearing compared with athletes who are D/HoH.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000000667",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000667"
}