@article{ref1,
title="A pilot investigation on the effects of combination transcranial direct current stimulation and speed of processing cognitive remediation therapy on simulated driving behavior in older adults with HIV",
journal="Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour",
year="2018",
author="Pope, C. N. and Stavrinos, D. and Vance, D. E. and Woods, A. J. and Bell, Tyler Reed and Ball, K. K. and Fazeli, P. L.",
volume="58",
number="",
pages="1061-1073",
abstract="Cognitive impairments seen in people living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with difficulties in everyday functioning, specifically driving. This study utilized speed of processing cognitive remediation therapy (SOP-CRT) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to gauge the feasibility and impact on simulated driving. Thirty PLWH (Mage = 54.53, SD = 3.33) were randomly assigned to either: sham tDCS SOP-CRT or active tDCS SOP-CRT. Seven indicators of simulated driving performance and safety were obtained. Repeated measures ANOVAs controlling for driver's license status (valid and current license or expired/no license) revealed a large training effect on average driving speed. Participants who received active tDCS SOP-CRT showed a slower average driving speed (p = 0.020, d = 0.972) than those who received sham tDCS SOP-CRT. Non-significant small-to-medium effects were seen for driving violations, collisions, variability in lane positioning, and lane deviations. Combination tDCS SOP-CRT was found to increase indices of cautionary simulated driving behavior. <br><br>FINDINGS reveal a potential avenue of intervention and rehabilitation for improving driving safety among vulnerable at-risk populations, such as those aging with chronic disease.<p />",
language="en",
issn="1369-8478",
doi="10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.002"
}