@article{ref1,
title="Rethinking insurgency: criminality, spirituality, and societal warfare in the Americas",
journal="Small wars and insurgencies",
year="2011",
author="Sullivan, John P. and Bunker, Robert J.",
volume="22",
number="5",
pages="742-763",
abstract="Driven by globalization, Internet communications technology (ICT), and new economic forms the nature of states may be changing. Transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) - including what are commonly known as cartels - are early adopters to the new political/economic landscape. In addition to seeking to rule the illicit economy, criminal actors (networked cartels and gangs) are challenging states through high-order violence and leveraging nascent social/spiritual movements (narcocultura) to potentially usher in a new political dynamic. These violent non-state actors (criminal soldiers) are insurgent actors. They are waging new forms of insurgency - criminal and possibly spiritual - that have the potential to reconfigure states.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-2318",
doi="10.1080/09592318.2011.625720",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2011.625720"
}