@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of concussions in high school boys' ice hockey, 2008/09 to 2016/17 school years",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2018",
author="Kerr, Zachary Y. and Pierpoint, Lauren A. and Rosene, John M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study examined the epidemiology of concussions in high school boys' ice hockey during the 2008/09 to 2016/17 school years. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Athletic trainers from an average 33 high schools annually reported boys' ice hockey concussion and athlete-exposure (AE) data for the High School Reporting Information Online system. SETTING: Convenience sample of high school boys' ice hockey programs during the 2008/09 to 2016/17 school years. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: High school boys' ice hockey players (aged ∼14-18 years). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Concussion data on event type, injury mechanism, symptom resolution time, and time loss were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concussion rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and distributions were calculated. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 348 concussions were reported in boys' ice hockey during the 2008/09 to 2016/17 academic years, leading to a concussion rate of 0.68/1000 AEs (95% CI, 0.61-0.75). Most occurred in competitions (85.6%), particularly after the first period (72.1% of all competition concussions). Among practice concussions, most occurred after the first hour of practice (60.0%). Most concussions were due to player contact (47.7%) and boards/glass contact (31.9%). Although 69.0% of concussed athletes had symptoms resolve in less than 7 days, only 14.1% returned to activity within a week. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Most concussions occurred within the second and third periods. Preventive strategies that counter an increased risk of concussion due to a greater intensity of gameplay coupled with increased fatigue may be warranted. Moreover, athletes may further benefit from prevention efforts that focus on anticipating impacts during gameplay.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000000697",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000697"
}