@article{ref1,
title="Five-year review of patients presenting with non-accidental injury to a children's emergency unit in Singapore",
journal="Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore",
year="2018",
author="Chew, Yi Rong and Cheng, Michaela Hl and Goh, Mei Ching and Shen, Liang and Wong, Peter Cy and Ganapathy, Sashikumar",
volume="47",
number="10",
pages="413-419",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: There is an increasing trend of physical child abuse cases reported in Singapore. Children presenting to the Emergency Department with injuries require a high index of suspicion for clinicians to distinguish those that are abusive in nature. <br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of children with diagnosis of NAI presenting to KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH) from June 2011 to May 2016 was conducted. <br><br>RESULTS: There were 1917 cases reported from 1730 subjects, of  which: 8.8% of subjects had repeat visits; 55.2% of cases were male; and mean age was 7.69 years. Racial demographics were: Chinese 45.5%, Malay 33.4%, Indian 15.4% and Others 5.9%. The most frequent injuries sustained were head and neck (50.8%), limbs (32.2%), and chest (5.7%). Of the type of injuries, 55% had contusions, 21% had cane marks, 16% had lacerations, 4.4% had burn marks and 1% sustained fractures. Males were more likely to be caned (<i>P</i> <0.001); 54.9% of cases were admitted and 38.9% were discharged. Cases that presented without a parent (<i>P</i> <0.001), were known to Child Protective Service (<i>P</i> <0.001), or had a history of  parental substance abuse (<i>P</i> = 0.038), mental illness in caregiver (<i>P</i> = 0.021), or domestic violence (<i>P</i> <0.001) were more likely to require admission. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Analysing these factors provide a better understanding of  the presentation of  NAI cases, including 'red flags' and vulnerable groups who should have better protection.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0304-4602",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}