@article{ref1,
title="Design and type approval of coach structures for roll-over using the CRASH-D program",
journal="International journal of vehicle design",
year="1990",
author="Brown, JC",
volume="11",
number="4-5",
pages="361-373",
abstract="The CRASH-D program has been accepted as a method of type approval by calculation for the roll-over requirements of ECE Regulation 66. The Regulation specifies the amount of strain energy a coach should be capable of absorbing without intruding into a standard 'passenger survival space'. Data on local plastic hinge characteristics are supplied to CRASH-D and the program then calculates: the collapse mechanism of the structure and hence its mode of collapse; the collapse strength and force-displacement characteristics during collapse; the energy absorbed by the structure and hence its mode of collapse the collapse strength and force-displacement characteristics during collapse; the energy absorbed by the structure at any point during collapse. The results show whether the structure has prevented intrusion into the 'survival space'. Examples are given of CRASH-D analyses on a coach bay structure and on various structural joints and sections. The program has been validated against full-size physical roll-over tests.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0143-3369",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}