@article{ref1,
title="Is there a prison size dilemma? An empirical analysis of output-specific economies of scale",
journal="European journal of operational research",
year="2017",
author="Hennebel, Veerle and Simper, Richard and Verschelde, Marijn",
volume="262",
number="1",
pages="306-321",
abstract="We advocate a nonparametric multi-output framework to estimate output-specific economies of scale and we apply this model to male prisons in England and Wales over the sample period 2009-2012. To estimate output-specific returns to scale in prisons, we consider not only the cost-per-place, but also qualitative outputs such as purposeful out-of-cell activity and successful reintegration. Furthermore, we introduce environmental heterogeneity using the characteristics of the prison(ers). England and Wales offers a unique example to study economies of scale in prisons as the UK has started to build new super-size prisons in order to replace the most outdated prisons.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0377-2217",
doi="10.1016/j.ejor.2017.03.055",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.03.055"
}