@article{ref1,
title="Differential predictors of pain severity over 12 months following non-catastrophic injury sustained in a road traffic crash",
journal="Journal of Pain",
year="2019",
author="Gopinath, Bamini and Jagnoor, Jagnoor and Kifley, Annette and Nicholas, Michael and Blyth, Fiona and Kenardy, Justin and Craig, Ashley and Cameron, Ian D.",
volume="20",
number="6",
pages="676-684",
abstract="There is paucity of prospective studies that have examined rates and prognostic indicators of pain severity following a road-traffic crash injury. This cohort study involved 1854 participants aged ≥17 years with a non-catastrophic injury. Primary analyses of pain severity involved 1604 individuals who reported any pain since the injury at baseline, of these, 1188 and 972 participants were re-examined at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. Mean pain severity (primary study outcome) was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS), and a range of possible pain predictors were assessed. Mean pain NRS score of 4.9 was observed at baseline, and mean NRS score was 2.1 at 12-month follow-up. At 6- and 12-month follow-up, 21% and 17.5% reported clinically significant pain (NRS score ≥5), respectively. After multivariable-adjustment, key predictors of pain severity ratings over the 12 months included the following which were measured at baseline: age; sex; education; claim-compensation; spine/back injury; being a bicyclist; physical wellbeing; pain-related catastrophizing; pain-related disability; and trauma-related and general psychological distress. Clinically significant pain was experienced by just over one in six participants 12 months post-injury. Several independent contributors to chronic pain identified in this study are modifiable, reinforcing their inclusion as targets in pain management programs. Perspective This cohort study involving participants who sustained a non-catastrophic injury in a road traffic crash established the predictors of pain severity over 12 months. Study findings reiterate and reinforce the importance of being cognizant of a wide spectrum of bio-psychosocial predictors both in the management and rehabilitation of injured persons.<br><br>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1526-5900",
doi="10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.011"
}