@article{ref1,
title="The interaction of race and gender as a significant driver of racial arrest disparities for African American men",
journal="Journal of urban health",
year="2018",
author="Fielding-Miller, Rebecca and Cooper, Hannah L. F. and Caslin, Sharon and Raj, Anita",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The mass incarceration of African Americans is both a driver of racial health inequalities in the USA. Systemic social biases which associate African American men with criminality, violence, and as a particular threat to white women may partially explain their over-representation in the criminal justice system. We combined data from the Washington, DC Metro Police Department (MPD) and the American Community Survey to test whether neighborhood-level gender, race, and economic makeup were associated with elevated drug-related arrest disproportions for African American men. We found that African American men were significantly overrepresented in all drug-related arrests across the District, and that this arrest disproportion was significantly higher in neighborhoods that had a higher percentage of white female residents. The association between race and gender was somewhat attenuated, but not completely eliminated, when we introduced socio-economic variables to our model. Addressing the social determinants of criminal justice disparities must account for the intersection of race, gender, and economics, rather than considering race in isolation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1099-3460",
doi="10.1007/s11524-018-00325-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-00325-1"
}