@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors for lower-extremity injuries in female ballet dancers: a systematic review",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2018",
author="Biernacki, Jessica L. and Stracciolini, Andrea and Fraser, Joana and Micheli, Lyle J. and Sugimoto, Dai",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Ballet dancers have a high prevalence of injuries to the lower extremity. Many studies have investigated the relationship between dance injury and risk factors. However, risk factors for lower-extremity injury comparing recreational- and elite-level ballet dancers are scarce. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To systematically review available original studies to assess risk factors for lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers between recreational and elite ballet dancers. DATA SOURCES: Five online databases [Web of Science, PubMed, OVID (Medline), EBSCO, and ProQuest] were searched systematically. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies had an analytic study design published in the past 11 years and investigated an association between potential risk factors and lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers. STUDY APPRAISAL: Assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Downs and Black (DB) criteria and Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine. <br><br>RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included. Alignment was a risk factor for lower-extremity injury in both recreational and elite ballet dancers. In elite ballet dancers, poor lumbopelvic movement control, inappropriate transversus abdominis contraction, decreased lower-extremity strength, and poor aerobic fitness were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. In recreational ballet dancers, hypermobility of the hip and ankle and longer training hours were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. Mean DB score was 15.94 (SD 1.57). The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies or had poor follow-up, with 7 level 2b studies, 6 level 3b studies (cross-sectional), and 4 level 1b studies (prospective cohort with good follow-up). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Alignment was identified as a common risk factor for recreational and elite ballet dancers. Other risk factors differed between recreational ballet dancers and elite ballet dancers. Future studies are warranted to use a prospective study design, identify dance level-specific risk factors, and implement evidence-based prevention strategies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000000707",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000707"
}