@article{ref1,
title="Driving under the influence of cannabis among medical cannabis patients with chronic pain",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2019",
author="Bonar, Erin E. and Cranford, James A. and Arterberry, Brooke J. and Walton, Maureen A. L. and Bohnert, Kipling M. and Ilgen, Mark A.",
volume="195",
number="",
pages="193-197",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is a public health concern among those using medical cannabis. Understanding behaviors contributing to DUIC can inform prevention efforts. We evaluated three past 6-month DUIC behaviors among medical cannabis users with chronic pain. <br><br>METHODS: Adults (N = 790) seeking medical cannabis certification or recertification for moderate/severe pain were recruited from February 2014 through June 2015 at Michigan medical cannabis clinics. About half of participants were male (52%) and 81% were White; their Mean age was 45.8 years. Participants completed survey measures of DUIC (driving within 2 h of use, driving while &quot;a little high,&quot; and driving while &quot;very high&quot;) and background factors (demographics, alcohol use, etc.). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were used to examine correlates of DUIC. <br><br>RESULTS: For the past 6 months, DUIC within 2 h of use was reported by 56.4% of the sample, DUIC while a &quot;little high&quot; was reported by 50.5%, and &quot;very high&quot; was reported by 21.1%. Greater cannabis quantity consumed and binge drinking were generally associated with DUIC behaviors. Higher pain was associated with lower likelihood of DUIC. <br><br>FINDINGS vary somewhat across DUIC measures. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DUIC is concerning, with more research needed on how to best measure DUIC. Prevention messaging for DUIC may be enhanced by addressing alcohol co-consumption.   Keyword: Cannabis impaired driving <br><br>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.016"
}