@article{ref1,
title="Additive effectiveness of mindfulness meditation to a school-based brief cognitive-behavioral alcohol intervention for adolescents",
journal="Journal of consulting and clinical psychology",
year="2019",
author="Patton, Kiri A. and Connor, Jason P. and Sheffield, Jeanie and Wood, Andrew and Gullo, Matthew J.",
volume="87",
number="5",
pages="407-421",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial is the 1st study to evaluate the additive efficacy of mindfulness meditation to brief school-based universal cognitive behavior therapy (CBT + MM) for adolescent alcohol consumption. Previous studies have lacked strong controls for nonspecific effects, and treatment mechanisms remain unclear. The present study compared a CBT + MM condition to an active control CBT intervention with progressive muscle relaxation (CBT + PMR) for nonspecific effects and an assessment-only control (AoC). <br><br>METHOD: Cluster sampling was used to recruit Australian adolescents (<i>N</i> = 404; 62% female) ages 13-17 years (<i>M</i> = 14.99, <i>SD</i> =.66) of mostly Australian-New Zealand or European descent. School classes were randomized to 3 intervention conditions (CBT + PMR = 8 classes, CBT + MM = 7 classes, AoC = 7 classes), and adolescents completed preintervention, postintervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, including measures of alcohol consumption, mindfulness, impulsivity, and the alcohol-related cognitions of alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. <br><br>RESULTS: Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that both intervention conditions reduced the growth of alcohol consumption compared to the AoC (<i>b</i> = -.18, <i>p</i> =.014), although CBT + MM was no more effective than was CBT + PMR (<i>b</i> = -.06, <i>p</i> =.484). Negative alcohol expectancies increased for adolescents in the intervention conditions compared to the AoC (<i>b</i> = 1.09, <i>p</i> =.012), as did positive alcohol expectancies (<i>b</i> = 1.30, <i>p</i> =.008). There was no effect of interventions on mindfulness, drinking refusal self-efficacy, or impulsivity. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of mindfulness-specific effects beyond existing effects of CBT within a brief universal school-based CBT intervention. Hypothesized mechanisms of change were largely unsupported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-006X",
doi="10.1037/ccp0000382",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000382"
}