@article{ref1,
title="Nonmotorized urban transportation for emerging cities in India",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1992",
author="Gupta, Jiwan D.",
volume="1372",
number="",
pages="85-89",
abstract="Urban transportation is a serious problem faced by the cities of developing countries such as India. Large metropolitan cities with more than 1 million in population are recording a rapid increase in population, urban area, and automobile ownership. The phenomenal growth has created intense congestion, because costs prohibit the provision of adequate transportation facilities. The costs of providing roads and other transportation infrastructure increase greatly with the increase in city size. In a recent census, the rate of rural urban migration to cities with populations between 300,000 and 1 million and emerging cities with populations between 100,000 and 300,000 has been observed to be higher than the rate of rural urban migration to major metropolitan cities. At present, these emerging cities have few transportation problems, and with proper land use transportation planning, a sustainable urban form can be provided. A nonmotorized transportation system for the sustainable urban form for emerging cities is described. It compares the savings in fuel, air pollution, and modal splits for different city sizes in India with cities in the United States. Specific infrastructure improvements are suggested to support nonmotorized transportation. Finally, a framework for sustainable urban form is introduced, and the planning requirements are described.     Record URL:        http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1992/1372/1372-012.pdf<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}