@article{ref1,
title="Before and after comparison of leading exclusive and permissive/exclusive lagging left turn phasing",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1992",
author="Wright, Charles R. and Upchurch, Jonathan",
volume="1368",
number="",
pages="31-38",
abstract="Three different types of left turn phasing were compared: leading exclusive; leading exclusive/permissive; and permissive/exclusive lagging. All three types of phasing were in operation at a single intersection and were changed from one type to another over a period of several months. Cycle length and offsets for progression were kept the same as each type of phasing was implemented to minimize confounding factors. Time-lapse photography was used to collect volume and delay data for 8 hr of operation for each type of phasing. Traffic volume and average delay per vehicle in each hour were statistically analyzed to determine if statistically significant changes occurred between different types of left turn phasing. Most changes in traffic volume were not statistically significant. In general, substantial reductions in delay occurred for both through and left turn movements when the change from leading exclusive to leading exclusive/permissive was made; increases in both through and left turn delay occurred when phasing was changed from leading exclusive/permissive to permissive/exclusive lagging; and delay under permissive/exclusive lagging operation was less than under the original leading exclusive phasing.     Record URL:        http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1992/1368/1368-005.pdf<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}