@article{ref1,
title="Does cyberbullying occur simultaneously with other types of violence exposure?",
journal="Revista brasileira de psiquiatria",
year="2019",
author="Vieira, Marlene A. and Rønning, John Andreas and Mari, Jair de J. and Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos",
volume="41",
number="3",
pages="234-237",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to verify whether cyberbullying victimization among adolescents occurs concomitantly with other forms of violence exposure (at home, at school and in the community). <br><br>METHODS: A collaborative longitudinal study by Norwegian and Brazilian researchers was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income city in southeast Brazil. At baseline, trained interviewers applied a semi-structured questionnaire to a population-based sample of 669 in-school adolescents (11-15 years old). The investigated types of violence exposure included cyberbullying, traditional bullying, severe physical punishment by parents and community violence (victimization and eye-witnessed violent events outside the home and school). <br><br>RESULTS: In the previous six months, 1.9% of the adolescents had been victims of cyberbullying, and 21.9% had been victims of physical aggression, verbal harassment and/or social manipulation by peers. However, only 5.5% of the adolescents considered themselves bullying victims. In the previous 12 months, 12.4% of adolescents had suffered severe physical punishment, 14.0% had been victims of community violence, and 20.9% eye-witnessed community violence. Multivariable regression analysis showed that victimization by multiple types of traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying victimization were correlates of cyberbullying victimization, while suffering violence at home and in the community were not. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of an association between cyberbullying, traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying among low-income Brazilian adolescents.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1516-4446",
doi="10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0047",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0047"
}