@article{ref1,
title="Importation and deprivation factors influencing teacher-targeted aggression among secondary school students in Germany: a multilevel analysis",
journal="Aggressive behavior",
year="2019",
author="Beckmann, Laura and Bergmann, Marie Christine and Schneegans, Tim and Baier, Dirk",
volume="45",
number="3",
pages="337-347",
abstract="Relying on an importation and deprivation framework, the study assessed a variety of risk factors associated with self-reported teacher-targeted aggression among ninth grade students (n = 5,673). Using a cross-sectional school survey conducted in one German federal state, two forms of teacher-targeted aggression were assessed: verbal (insulting, threatening, and mocking) and physical (beating and pushing) aggression. Every ninth student reported verbal aggression, while 0.5% of students reported physical aggression against teachers. Multilevel probability models showed that individual importation factors (low self-control, male gender, and exposure to severe parental violence), together with individual deprivation factors (repeated victimization by teachers and low school achievement) play a role in explaining teacher-targeted aggression. The school-level deprivation factor of negative teacher-student relationships was also relevant, whereas low teacher control and attending lower-level schools were unrelated to the perpetration of teacher-targeted aggression. The present study stresses the need to acknowledge the multilevel etiology of teacher-targeted aggression.<br><br>© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-140X",
doi="10.1002/ab.21823",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.21823"
}