@article{ref1,
title="Using volume-to-capacity ratios to supplement delay as criteria for levels of service at traffic signals",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1987",
author="Berry, Donald S.",
volume="1112",
number="",
pages="23-28",
abstract="The feasibility of using volume-to-capacity (v/c) ratios to supplement stopped delay for determining levels of service (LOS) at traffic signals when operating at near-capacity conditions is examined. <br><br>RESULTS indicate that the supplemental v/c criteria would be applicable in identifying LOS B, C, D, and E for many combinations of signal timing. Timing plans using the shorter cycle lengths and the longer green-to-cycle length (g/C) ratios benefitted the most because use of stopped delay criteria alone for those cases frequently requires that v/c exceed 1.00 in order to attain a delay value associated with LOS B, C, D, and E. Use of delay Equation 9-18 of the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual should be avoided when there is an overflow queue at the beginning of the 15-min analysis period, or when duration of overflow queueing lasts for more than 15 min.     Record URL:        http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1987/1112/1112-004.pdf    TRT Terms: Equations; Highway capacity; Level of service; Overflows; Queuing; Stopped time delays; Traffic signal cycle; Traffic signal timing; Traffic volume    Identifier Terms: Highway Capacity Manual    Subject Areas: Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; I71: Traffic Theory;<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}