@article{ref1,
title="On-site assessments on variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and TVOC concentrations in naturally ventilated underground parking garages with traffic volume",
journal="Environmental pollution",
year="2019",
author="Liu, Zhijian and Yin, Hang and Ma, Shengyuan and Jin, Gaungya and Gao, Jun and Ding, Wenjun",
volume="247",
number="",
pages="626-637",
abstract="There have been an increasing number of automobile vehicles in cities, so that newly developed residential areas are mostly designed with underground parking garages (UPGs). For naturally ventilated UPGs, the ventilation performance may be insufficient to discharge totally vehicle-induced pollutants out of the enclosed underground spaces, which consequently results in threats to residents' health. This study, therefore, aims at examining the patterns of pollutant concentrations in naturally ventilation UPGs as well as their sensitivities to traffic volume. In particular, the naturally ventilated UPGs' weekday particulate matters (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>), CO<sub>2</sub> and TVOC concentration as well as their relationships between traffic volume were quantitively evaluated based on field measurements in eight residential areas in Baoding, China. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that daily average PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and TVOC concentrations in studied UPGs were 105.81 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, 464.17 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, 571 ppm and 24 ppb, respectively. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in UPGs were slightly higher than that in ambient environments, while the PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in UPGs were significantly higher. Furthermore, both PM<sub>10</sub> and TVOC concentrations in UPGs were in significant relationships with traffic volume at the p < 0.01 level, while the concentration of UPG PM<sub>2.5</sub> generally exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.01) with that of the ambient. Nevertheless, a combination of traffic volume, the ambient and accumulative effect was much better to explain the hourly PM<sub>10</sub> concentration in UPGs. These findings will be conducive to instruct engineers with fundamental knowledge of UPG ventilation design.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-7491",
doi="10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.095",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.095"
}