@article{ref1,
title="Abuse, invalidation and lack of early warmth show distinct relationships with self-criticism, self-compassion and fear of self-compassion in personality disorder",
journal="Clinical psychology and psychotherapy",
year="2019",
author="Naismith, Iona and Zarate Guerrero, Santiago and Feigenbaum, Janet",
volume="26",
number="3",
pages="350-361",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Cultivating self-compassion is increasingly recognized as a powerful method to regulate hyperactive threat-processes like shame and self-criticism, but fear of self-compassion (FSC) can inhibit this. These difficulties are under-explored in personality disorder (PD) despite their prevalence. Furthermore, little evidence exists regarding how these factors relate to adverse childhood events (ACEs) and attachment. <br><br>METHOD: 53 participants with a diagnosis of PD completed measures including childhood abuse/neglect, invalidation, early warmth, self-compassion, shame, self-criticism, FSC, and anxious/avoidant attachment. <br><br>RESULTS: Self-compassion was predicted uniquely by low early warmth; self-inadequacy by invalidation and abuse; whereas FSC was predicted by multiple ACEs. FSC and self-compassion were significantly correlated with self-criticism and shame, but not with one another. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Low self-compassion and high FSC appear to be distinct problems, substantiating physiological models proposing distinct threat and soothing systems. <br><br>RESULTS are consistent with theories positing that low self-compassion has distinct origins to shame, self-criticism and FSC.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1063-3995",
doi="10.1002/cpp.2357",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2357"
}