@article{ref1,
title="Are traumatic dental injuries greater in alcohol or illicit drugs consumers? A systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2019",
author="Baraúna Magno, Marcela and de França Leite, Karla Lorene and Melo Pithon, Matheus and Maia, Lucianne Cople",
volume="197",
number="",
pages="236-249",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI), alcohol and illicit drugs consumption are highly-prevalent public health concerns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between alcohol and/or illicit drugs consumption and the presence of TDI. DESIGN AND METHODS: This review was performed in accordance with MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed to found observational studies that investigated subjects that consumed alcohol and/or illicit drugs associated with TDI. Data extraction and a risk of bias assessment were performed. Three meta-analyses (MA) were performed to evaluate the association between TDI and alcohol consumption (1<sup>st</sup>MA), subgrouping the studies into alcohol intake and binge-drinking, alcohol-related problems (2<sup>nd</sup>MA), and drugs (3<sup>rd</sup>MA). The odds ratio (OR) were calculated (p ≤ 0.05) for all analyses. The evidence was certainty-tested using the GRADE approach. <br><br>RESULTS: Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Nine studies were methodologically sound, while three had some confounding factors. In the pooled MA, an association between alcohol consumption and TDI (OR 1.57[1.33,1.85],p = 0.00001) was determined with moderate certainty of evidence, confirmed in the subgroups of alcohol intake (OR 1.49[1.17,1.90],p = 0.001) and binge-drinking (OR 1.68[1.30,2.18],p = 0.0001). No associations were found between TDI and risk for alcohol-related problems and drug use (OR 0.75[0.50,1.14],p = 0.18, and OR 1.20[0.82,1.75],p = 0.27, respectively), with both analyses having a very low certainty of evidence. <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate evidence concerning the association between alcohol use and TDI. Despite the absence of an association between illicit drugs use, alcohol-related problems and the presence of TDI, these results should be viewed with caution, since they had very low-certainly-evidence.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.028"
}