@article{ref1,
title="Ventilation mode changes our safety in buses: study on "air-rain" flow against chemical and arson attack in public transport vehicles",
journal="Traffic injury prevention",
year="2019",
author="Chen, Ning and Kozinski, Janusz and Tan, Yamin",
volume="20",
number="2",
pages="164-168",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: Public transport vehicles (PTVs) play a decisive role in development of the urban economy. However, the safety of PTVs is threatened by the man-released chemical or arson attack. It was found that indoor air safety can be greatly improved by employing air-rain ventilation instead of the common ventilation in a PTV. <br><br>METHODS: Numerical simulations and experiments have been done to prove the effectiveness of the air-rain flow against chemical attack or arson in PTVs. <br><br>RESULTS: The research shows that, during a chemical attack, an air-rain flow of 0.1 m/s can constrain the spread of a chemical agent in a very limited zone near its source, which is far away from the passengers' breathing area in the PTV. During an arson attack, at an air-rain flow of 0.3 m/s, most of the area in the PTV maintains a low temperature for at least 60 s during a fire, which is long enough for passenger evacuation. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Compared to common ventilation, the key characteristic of air-rain ventilation is its resistance to the blending effect of the air. Because of this, the spread of chemical agents, hot gas/combustion products during a fire, and fuel aerosol is constrained to a limited area in a PTV. Passengers are then protected from chemical attack, explosion of fuel aerosols, and high temperatures and smoke. Thus, we can say that this new ventilation mode increases passenger safety in buses.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-9588",
doi="10.1080/15389588.2018.1538558",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1538558"
}