@article{ref1,
title="Adverse childhood experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and self-reported stress among traditional and nontraditional college students",
journal="Journal of American college health",
year="2019",
author="Kalmakis, Karen A. and Chiodo, Lisa M. and Kent, Nicole and Meyer, Jerrold S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="1-8",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD-S), and self-reported stress among college students. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 236 undergraduate students enrolled in nursing courses participated. <br><br>METHOD: Using a correlational design, participants completed questionnaires online. To examine PTSD moderation between ACE and self-reported stress, multiple regression was employed. Stress outcomes were examined using a 4-group variable. Mean differences in stress response between these four groups were examined. Differences in ACE, PTSD-S, and stress response between traditional and nontraditional students were also examined. <br><br>RESULTS: PTSD-S moderated the relationship between ACEs, and self-reported stress. This indicates that students who report PTSD-S following childhood adversity perceive higher levels of stress. Nontraditional and traditional students differed in their responses to the ICLRE scale. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Individuals who report PTSD-S following childhood adversity perceive higher levels of stress later in life. Stress reduction programs may be beneficial for students.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0744-8481",
doi="10.1080/07448481.2019.1577860",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1577860"
}