@article{ref1,
title="Effectiveness of nurse-initiated X-ray for emergency department patients with distal limb injuries: a systematic review",
journal="European journal of emergency medicine",
year="2019",
author="Considine, Julie and Shaban, Ramon Z. and Curtis, Kate and Fry, Margaret",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of nurse-initiated X-ray for emergency department patients with distal limb injuries. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO and CINHAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies comparing nurse-initiated vs physician-initiated X-ray. Because of heterogeneity of patients, providers and outcomes, a meta-analysis was not performed. The 16 included studies were conducted between 1971 and 2018 and involved 8881 participants. There were four randomised trials and 12 observational studies that focussed on X-ray request accuracy (n = 14), emergency department processes (n = 6) and patient outcomes (n = 2). The quality of evidence for each outcome ranged from very low-to-moderate. Compared with physician-initiated X-ray, nurse-initiated X-ray uses no more resources, is safe and acceptable to patients. Nurse-initiated X-ray did not reduce time to X-ray or waiting time but in some studies, reduced emergency department length of stay and unplanned follow-up.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0969-9546",
doi="10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000604",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000604"
}