@article{ref1,
title="Measuring adverse child experiences among young adolescents globally: relationships with depressive symptoms and violence perpetration",
journal="Journal of Adolescent Health",
year="2019",
author="Blum, Robert Wm and Li, Mengmeng and Naranjo-Rivera, Gia",
volume="65",
number="1",
pages="86-93",
abstract="PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop a measure of ACEs applicable for young adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (ACEs) and to analyze the relationships of ACEs against two outcomes: depressive symptoms and violence perpetration. There is a paucity of research on the consequences of adverse child experiences (ACEs) on adolescent health and behavior from low- and middle-income countries and virtually no multinational studies. <br><br>METHODS: As part of the Global Early Adolescent Study, an 11-item measure of ACEs was developed and piloted with 1,284 adolescents aged 10-14 years in 14 urban communities in an equal number of countries. With one exception where interviewers were used, data were self-reported anonymously using tablets. <br><br>RESULTS compared a summative ACEs index score and latent class analysis. <br><br>RESULTS: Findings show high rates of ACEs exposure experienced by young adolescents in resource-poor neighborhoods in low- and middle-income countries; disproportionate exposures of boys and strong associations between ACEs and both depressive symptoms and violence perpetration. Latent class analysis provided modest refinement over a summed ACEs score. <br><br>CONCLUSION: While interventions tend to focus on behavioral outcomes, evidence suggests that ACEs exposure is a strong antecedent related to both depressive symptoms and violence perpetration.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1054-139X",
doi="10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.020"
}