@article{ref1,
title="The prevalence and health impacts of frequent work discrimination and harassment among women firefighters in the US Fire Service",
journal="BioMed research international",
year="2019",
author="Jahnke, Sara A. and Haddock, Christopher Keith and Jitnarin, Nattinee and Kaipust, Christopher M. and Hollerbach, Brittany S. and Poston, Walker S. C.",
volume="2019",
number="",
pages="e6740207-e6740207",
abstract="INTRO: Both discrimination and harassment directly impact mental and physical health. Further, workplace discrimination degrades workplace culture and negatively impacts health behaviors, job-related outcomes, and family dynamics. Women represent a small proportion of the fire service and are often the targets of discrimination/harassment, yet little research documents the impact of such experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic work discrimination and/or harassment and women firefighters' (FFs) physical and mental health, substance abuse, and job efficacy, stress, and satisfaction. <br><br>METHODS: Snowball sampling was used to solicit participation from women career FFs. Participants completed an online survey regarding physical and mental health, health behavior, job efficacy/stress/satisfaction, and family well-being. Logistic regression examined the impact of work discrimination-harassment severity on dichotomous variables. <br><br>RESULTS: 1,773 had complete data on their experiences with work-related discrimination and harassment. Women reported experiencing verbal (37.5%) and written (12.9%) harassment, hazing (16.9%), sexual advances (37.4%), and assaults (5.1%) in the fire service. FFs in the highest tertile of work discrimination-harassment severity reported over 40% more poor health days in the last 30 days (OR=1.42; 95%CI=1.33-1.51; p<0.001). Women who experienced moderate and severe discrimination/harassment had negative mental health outcomes including higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Those who experienced high rates of discrimination and/or harassment also were more likely to report issues with alcohol consumption. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The impact of discrimination and harassment, related negative physical and mental outcomes, low levels of job satisfaction, and negative impact of these experiences on family/home stress likely take a significant toll on women in the fire service. <br><br>FINDINGS confirm and extend previous work suggesting there is a need to improve the mental and physical health of women FFs. Future work should examine the prospective relationship between discrimination/harassment and poor health outcomes and potential policies/practices to reduce these negative behaviors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2314-6133",
doi="10.1155/2019/6740207",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6740207"
}