@article{ref1,
title="Are co-users of alcohol and marijuana more willing to experience consequences from drinking? A longitudinal examination among first-year college students",
journal="Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research",
year="2019",
author="Linden-Carmichael, Ashley N. and Mallett, Kimberly A. and Sell, Nichole and Turrisi, Robert",
volume="43",
number="7",
pages="1567-1574",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Alcohol and marijuana co-users are at heightened vulnerability for experiencing a variety of negative alcohol use outcomes including heavier alcohol use and driving under the influence. The current study explored willingness to experience negative consequences as a potential factor underlying the association between co-user status and negative consequences in an effort to guide future intervention work. From a longitudinal study of first-year college students, we examined willingness to experience consequences at Time 2 as a mediator of co-user status at Time 1 and experience of negative consequences at Time 3. <br><br>METHODS: First-year college student drinkers (n = 1,914) at a large university completed surveys in the fall and spring of their freshman year and the fall of their sophomore year. <br><br>RESULTS: Alcohol and marijuana co-users reported higher willingness to experience consequences than alcohol-only users. Willingness to experience consequences partially explained the association between alcohol and marijuana co-use and consequences. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The current study was the first to compare co-users of alcohol and marijuana to alcohol-only users on willingness to experience consequences, and examine the role of willingness as a mediator between co-user status and consequences experienced. Co-users were more willing to experience adverse effects from drinking, in turn predicting more consequences. Intervention work targeting consequences may be less effective for co-users, thus additional work is needed to identify other potential mechanisms for change for this at-risk group.    Keyword: Cannabis impaired driving  This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-6008",
doi="10.1111/acer.14075",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.14075"
}