@article{ref1,
title="Interactive impact of childhood maltreatment, depression, and age on cortical brain structure: mega-analytic findings from a large multi-site cohort",
journal="Psychological medicine",
year="2019",
author="Tozzi, Leonardo and Garczarek, Lisa and Janowitz, Deborah and Stein, Dan J. and Wittfeld, Katharina and Dobrowolny, Henrik and Lagopoulos, Jim and Hatton, Sean N. and Hickie, Ian B. and Carballedo, Angela and Brooks, Samantha J. and Vuletic, Daniella and Uhlmann, Anne and Veer, Ilya M. and Walter, Henrik and Bülow, Robin and Völzke, Henry and Klinger-König, Johanna and Schnell, Knut and Schoepf, Dieter and Grotegerd, Dominik and Opel, Nils and Dannlowski, Udo and Kugel, Harald and Schramm, Elisabeth and Konrad, Carsten and Kircher, Tilo and Jüksel, Dilara and Nenadic, Igor and Krug, Axel and Hahn, Tim and Steinsträter, Olaf and Redlich, Ronny and Zaremba, Dario and Zurowski, Bartosz and Fu, Cynthia H. Y. and Dima, Danai and Cole, James and Grabe, Hans J. and Connolly, Colm G. and Yang, Tony T. and Ho, Tiffany C. and LeWinn, Kaja Z. and Li, Meng and Groenewold, Nynke A. and Salminen, Lauren E. and Walter, Martin and Simmons, Alan N. and van Erp, Theo G. M. and Jahanshad, Neda and Baune, Bernhard T. and van der Wee, Nic J. A. and van Tol, Marie-José and Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. and Hibar, Derrek P. and Thompson, Paul M. and Veltman, Dick J. and Schmaal, Lianne and Frodl, Thomas",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="1-12",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment (CM) plays an important role in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to examine whether CM severity and type are associated with MDD-related brain alterations, and how they interact with sex and age. <br><br>METHODS: Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, severity and subtypes of CM using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were assessed and structural magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with MDD and healthy controls were analyzed in a mega-analysis comprising a total of 3872 participants aged between 13 and 89 years. Cortical thickness and surface area were extracted at each site using FreeSurfer. <br><br>RESULTS: CM severity was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the banks of the superior temporal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus as well as with reduced surface area of the middle temporal lobe. Participants reporting both childhood neglect and abuse had a lower cortical thickness in the inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal lobe, and precuneus compared to participants not exposed to CM. In males only, regardless of diagnosis, CM severity was associated with higher cortical thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a significant interaction between CM and age in predicting thickness was seen across several prefrontal, temporal, and temporo-parietal regions. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Severity and type of CM may impact cortical thickness and surface area. Importantly, CM may influence age-dependent brain maturation, particularly in regions related to the default mode network, perception, and theory of mind.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2917",
doi="10.1017/S003329171900093X",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329171900093X"
}