@article{ref1,
title="Brief in-play cooling breaks reduce thermal strain during football in hot conditions",
journal="Journal of science and medicine in sport",
year="2019",
author="Chalmers, Samuel and Siegler, Jason and Lovell, Ric and Lynch, Grant and Gregson, Warren and Marshall, Paul and Jay, Ollie",
volume="22",
number="8",
pages="912-917",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: The study examined if three feasible strategies involving additional in-play cooling periods attenuate the core (rectal) temperature rise during simulated football matches. <br><br>DESIGN: Four counterbalanced experimental trials in an environmental chamber set to 35 °C ambient temperature, 55% relative humidity, and 30 °C WBGT. <br><br>METHODS: Twelve healthy well-trained football players completed a regular simulated match (REG), regular simulated match with additional 3-min cooling periods at the 30-min mark of each half inclusive of chilled water consumption (COOL<sub>water</sub>), regular simulated match with additional 3-min cooling periods at the 30-min mark of each half inclusive of chilled water consumption and the application of an ice towel around the neck (COOL<sub>towel</sub>), regular simulated match with an extended (+5 min; total of 20-min) half-time break (HT<sub>extended</sub>). <br><br>RESULTS: The difference in rectal temperature change was significantly lower in the COOL<sub>water</sub> (-0.25 °C), COOL<sub>towel</sub> (-0.28 °C), and HT<sub>extended</sub> (-0.21 °C) trials in comparison to the REG (all p < 0.05). Exercising heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion was lower in the COOL<sub>water</sub> (-13 bpm; -1.4 au), COOL<sub>towel</sub> (-10 bpm; -1.3 au), and HT<sub>extended</sub> (-8 bpm; -0.9 au) trials in comparison to the REG trial (all p < 0.05). The cooling interventions did not significantly change skin temperature or thermal sensation in comparison to the REG (all p > 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: All three cooling interventions attenuated core body thermal strain during simulated matches. The laboratory-based study supports the use of brief in-play cooling periods as a means to attenuate the rise in core temperature during matches in hot and humid conditions.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  Keywords: Soccer, Australian football<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1440-2440",
doi="10.1016/j.jsams.2019.04.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.04.009"
}