@article{ref1,
title="Adolescent vulnerability following the September 11th terrorist attacks: A study of parents and their children",
journal="Applied developmental science",
year="2004",
author="Gil-Rivas, Virginia and Holman, E. Alison and Silver, Roxane Cohen",
volume="8",
number="3",
pages="130-142",
abstract="Approximately 2 weeks after September 11th, adolescents from a national sample of households who were indirectly exposed to the terrorist attacks through the media completed a Web-based survey that assessed event-related acute stress symptoms. One year later, these adolescents (N = 142) and a randomly selected parent from their household completed a second survey. On average, adolescents reported mild to moderate acute stress symptoms shortly after the attacks and few trauma-related symptoms, low psychological distress and functional impairment, and moderate levels of positive affect 1 year later. After adjusting for acute stress symptoms reported after the attacks, greater parent-adolescent conflict was positively associated with adolescents' trauma symptoms, distress, and functional impairment at 1 year. Higher levels of adolescent positive affect at 1 year were associated with greater parental positive affect, greater parental support, and higher levels of parenting self-efficacy. Parents may play an important role in adolescents' responses to stressful national events.<p />",
language="",
issn="1088-8691",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}